Andalusia, named from the Arabic Al-Andalus, is Spain's most populous and second-largest autonomous community located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. This diverse region, known for its rich history and culture, is geographically divided into eight provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Seville. Andalusia shares borders with several autonomous communities and bodies of water. It lies immediately south of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha, west of Murcia and the Mediterranean, east of Portugal and the Atlantic, and north of the Mediterranean and the Strait of Gibraltar. Gibraltar, a British overseas territory, shares a 1.2 km border with the Andalusian province of Cádiz. The region's stunning landscapes feature two major mountain ranges: the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System, including the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains. The latter houses Mulhacén, the Iberian Peninsula's highest point. Andalusia's history is a blend of Tartessians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines, Berbers, Arabs, Jews, Romansis, and Castilians. During the Islamic Golden Age, Córdoba became a global epicenter of education and learning, surpassing Constantinople to be Europe's largest city. Historically known for agriculture, Andalusia has seen significant growth in industry and services compared to the rest of Spain and many Eurozone communities. The region's culture and identity are deeply ingrained in several distinctively Spanish elements, such as flamenco, bullfighting, and Hispano-Moorish architecture, prevalent not only in Andalusia but also in other parts of Spain. Commonly associated with high summer temperatures, Andalusia's hinterland is Europe's warmest region, with Córdoba and Seville averaging above 36°C (97°F) during summer. However, sea and mountain breezes help lower the temperatures during the evenings. Despite the heat, locals can experience late evening temperatures of approximately 35°C (95°F) even during heatwaves, and daytime highs of over 40°C (104°F) are common.