Here are some key facts about Estonia: 1. Geography: Estonia is a country located in Northern Europe. It is surrounded by the Gulf of Finland (north), the Baltic Sea (west), Latvia (south), and Russia (east). The country's territory includes the mainland, the largest islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets. 2. Population: Estonia has a population of nearly 1.4 million people. It is one of the least populous members of the European Union and NATO. Estonian is the official language and the first language of the majority of its population. 3. History: Present-day Estonia has been inhabited since at least 9,000 BC. Christianity was adopted by the medieval indigenous population in the 13th century following the Northern Crusades. After centuries of foreign rule, a distinct Estonian national identity emerged in the mid-19th century, leading to the Estonian Declaration of Independence in 1918. Estonia declared neutrality at the outbreak of World War II but was occupied and ultimately annexed into the USSR. Full independence was restored in 1991 following the "Singing Revolution" against Soviet rule. 4. Government: Present-day Estonia is a democratic unitary parliamentary republic. It has a single-tier local government system consisting of 79 municipalities. 5. Economy: Estonia is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and Eurozone membership. It is known for being among the least corrupt countries in the world and ranks high in international rankings for education, human development, press freedom, digitalisation of public services, and the prevalence of technology companies.